一般來說，處理廢水，采用電解、化學(xué)沉淀、吸附等方法進(jìn)行處理，有時(shí)為了在自來水中消毒，還參雜了氯氣。不管是采用化學(xué)法還是生物法，都會(huì)出現(xiàn)成本過高或者凈化不徹底等問題，那么是否能夠?qū)ふ业揭环N既高效又節(jié)能環(huán)保的方法來處理廢水呢？就目前而言，作為廢水處理的一個(gè)研究熱點(diǎn)——強(qiáng)磁分離法來處理廢水是很有效。那么，什么是磁分離法？它的原理是怎樣的？它能夠凈化廢水到何種程度？
Generally speaking, the wastewater is treated by electrolysis, chemical precipitation, adsorption and other methods, and sometimes chlorine gas is mixed in order to disinfect the tap water. Whether chemical or biological methods are used, there will be problems such as high cost or incomplete purification. Can we find a method that is both efficient and energy-saving and environmental protection to treat wastewater? At present, as a research hotspot of wastewater treatment, strong magnetic separation method is very effective. So, what is magnetic separation? How does it work? To what extent can it purify wastewater?
所謂的磁分離就是根據(jù)不同物質(zhì)具有不同的磁性性質(zhì)（物質(zhì)的磁性可分為三種：鐵磁性、順磁性和反磁性，其中鐵磁性物質(zhì)可以作為磁種添加到弱磁性的廢水中進(jìn)行磁分離），當(dāng)廢水中的磁性物質(zhì)或者非磁性物質(zhì)（需要添加磁種）處于磁場中時(shí)，物質(zhì)必然會(huì)受到來自磁場的作用力，當(dāng)然，廢水中的懸浮不僅受磁場力，還受到重力、流體黏滯力、流體慣性力以及分子間的吸引力，只要我們所施加的磁場足夠大，就可以使得廢水中的懸浮顆粒進(jìn)行磁分離。
The so-called magnetic separation is based on the fact that different substances have different magnetic properties (the magnetism of materials can be divided into three types: ferromagnetism, paramagnetism and diamagnetism, in which ferromagnetic materials can be added to the weak magnetic wastewater for magnetic separation). When the magnetic materials or non-magnetic materials in the wastewater (need to add magnetic seeds) are in the magnetic field, the materials will inevitably be affected Of course, the suspension in wastewater is not only affected by magnetic field force, but also by gravity, fluid viscosity, fluid inertia force and intermolecular attraction. As long as the magnetic field applied is large enough, the suspended particles in wastewater can be separated by magnetic field.
而磁分離的方法又可以采用永磁分離和電磁分離（包含超導(dǎo)磁分離）。磁力大小的公式為Fu=γVH(dH/dx)，其中，γ為顆粒本身磁化率，V為顆粒體積，H為磁場強(qiáng)度，dH/dx為磁場強(qiáng)度梯度。從實(shí)際應(yīng)用中來考慮，如果我們單純的用永磁體增加磁場強(qiáng)度，的確可以增加磁場力的大小，但是這樣所制造的磁鐵太耗成本。因此大多采用磁梯度分離法，即只需要增加磁場強(qiáng)度的梯度，就可以達(dá)到增強(qiáng)磁場力的效果。值得一提的是，要想產(chǎn)生高強(qiáng)度的磁場，用一般的永磁鐵，很難實(shí)現(xiàn)，可以采用超導(dǎo)體來實(shí)現(xiàn)，理論上處于臨界溫度以下的超導(dǎo)體所產(chǎn)生的磁場強(qiáng)度可以達(dá)到10T以上，可以在無需添加磁種的情況下就能輕松實(shí)現(xiàn)磁分離。一般的梯度磁分離可分離微細(xì)顆粒（線度1um）和弱磁性微粒（磁化率低到10-6），那么，超導(dǎo)梯度磁分離的范圍和精度將比此更廣，更精確。

And the magnetic separation method can use permanent magnetic separation and electromagnetic separation (including superconducting magnetic separation). The formula of magnetic force is Fu = γ VH (DH / DX), where γ is the magnetic susceptibility of the particle itself, V is the volume of the particle, h is the magnetic field strength, and DH / DX is the magnetic field intensity gradient. Considering from the practical application, if we simply use permanent magnet to increase the magnetic field strength, we can indeed increase the size of magnetic field force, but the magnet made in this way consumes too much cost. Therefore, the magnetic gradient separation method is mostly used, that is, only increasing the gradient of magnetic field intensity can achieve the effect of enhancing magnetic field force. It is worth mentioning that in order to generate high-intensity magnetic field, it is difficult to achieve with ordinary permanent magnet. Superconductor can be used to achieve. Theoretically, the magnetic field strength of superconductor below critical temperature can reach more than 10t, which can easily realize magnetic separation without adding magnetic seeds. The general gradient magnetic separation (GMS) can separate fine particles (linear 1 um) and weakly magnetic particles (magnetic susceptibility as low as 10-6), so the scope and accuracy of superconducting gradient magnetic separation will be wider and more accurate.
無疑，磁分離技術(shù)在廢水處理中不僅高效環(huán)保，而且造價(jià)和維護(hù)成本低，作為一般的磁分離的加強(qiáng)版——超導(dǎo)磁分離技術(shù)將大大提升常導(dǎo)磁分離的性能。我們有理由相信，隨著科學(xué)家對磁體、污染物的分離程度的機(jī)制等方面的不斷研究，磁分離技術(shù)將被應(yīng)用到尋常百姓家中。
Undoubtedly, magnetic separation technology is not only efficient and environmentally friendly in wastewater treatment, but also has low cost and maintenance cost. As an enhanced version of general magnetic separation, superconducting magnetic separation technology will greatly improve the performance of normal magnetic separation. We have reason to believe that magnetic separation technology will be applied to ordinary people's homes with the continuous research on magnets and the mechanism of the degree of separation of pollutants.