我國環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)正面向怎樣的局面？
China's environmental protection industry has ushered in a rare development opportunity. By 2035, the ecological environment will be basically improved and the goal of beautiful China will be basically achieved, which indicates that the investment and supervision of the state in the field of environmental protection will not be weakened in the future. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China laid down a timetable and roadmap for the work of ecological and environmental protection, and also defined the key tasks for the environmental protection industry.
環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，是供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的應(yīng)有之義。供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，是“十三五”產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級的主線；環(huán)境保護(hù)是推進(jìn)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的重要措施。2016年6月，環(huán)保部出臺《關(guān)于積極發(fā)揮環(huán)境保護(hù)作用促進(jìn)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的指導(dǎo)意見》，提出了總體思路和重點(diǎn)任務(wù)。在中央環(huán)保督察的推動下，各省相繼關(guān)停了很多排放不達(dá)標(biāo)、嚴(yán)重污染環(huán)境的“小、散、亂、污”企業(yè)。石化、鋼鐵、有色、化工、煤炭、水泥等高污染、高能耗行業(yè)污染治理需求將進(jìn)一步釋放。
The development of environmental protection industry is the proper meaning of supply side structural reform. The supply side structural reform is the main line of optimizing and upgrading the industrial structure in the 13th five year plan; environmental protection is an important measure to promote the supply side structural reform. In June 2016, the Ministry of environmental protection issued the guiding opinions on actively playing the role of environmental protection and promoting the structural reform of the supply side, which put forward the overall ideas and key tasks. Under the promotion of the central environmental protection supervision, many "small, scattered, disorderly and polluted" enterprises with substandard emissions and serious environmental pollution have been shut down in various provinces. Petrochemical, steel, nonferrous metals, chemical industry, coal, cement and other industries with high pollution and high energy consumption will further release the demand for pollution control.
執(zhí)法力度加大，有利于環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。2015年1月，“史上最嚴(yán)”的環(huán)保法出臺；8月，《大氣污染防治法》再次修訂，VOCs納入了監(jiān)測范圍；11月，《環(huán)境保護(hù)“十三五”規(guī)劃基本思路》出臺；2016年，新《環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》面世；2017年，政府工作報(bào)告提出打贏藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)，京津冀“2+26”城市PM2.5平均濃度和重污染天數(shù)要求同比下降15%以上。污染治理效果與地方政府官員考核績效掛鉤，“河長制”、中央環(huán)保督查、專項(xiàng)整治行動等相繼展開，處罰力度史無前例。2016~2017年，中央環(huán)保督察組對全國31個省(區(qū)、市)實(shí)現(xiàn)了全覆蓋，基本摸清了全國污染防治現(xiàn)狀。截止2017年8月，立案處罰18,223家，罰款7.28億元，拘留1,199人，問責(zé)12,724人。
Strengthening law enforcement is conducive to the sustainable and healthy development of environmental protection industry. In January 2015, the "strictest" environmental protection law was issued; in August, the air pollution prevention and control law was revised again, and VOCs were included in the monitoring scope; in November, the basic ideas of the 13th five year plan for environmental protection was issued; in 2016, the new ambient air quality standard was released; in 2017, the government work report proposed to win the blue sky defense war, and the average concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei "2 + 26" cities was increased The number of days and days of heavy pollution decreased by more than 15% year on year. The effect of pollution control is linked to the performance of local government officials, and the "river chief system", central environmental supervision and special rectification actions have been launched in succession, with unprecedented punishment. From 2016 to 2017, the central environmental protection supervision team has achieved full coverage of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and cities) in China, and has basically found out the current situation of pollution prevention and control in China. As of August 2017, 18223 companies had been punished, RMB 728 million had been fined, 1199 people had been detained and 12724 people had been held accountable.
中新社發(fā) 楊萌 攝
Photo by Yang Meng
市場配置環(huán)境污染治理資源的作用日益顯現(xiàn)。污染治理以“績效導(dǎo)向”，源頭控制+末端治理+治理付費(fèi)等制度體系逐步完善。政策措施由行政手段向法律的、行政的和經(jīng)濟(jì)的手段延伸，第三方治理污染的積極性和主動性被充分調(diào)動起來。環(huán)保稅、排污許可證等市場化手段陸續(xù)推出，政策紅利逐步顯現(xiàn)。
The role of market in the allocation of environmental pollution control resources is increasingly apparent. Pollution control is "performance-oriented", and the system of source control + end treatment + treatment payment is gradually improved. Policy measures extend from administrative means to legal, administrative and economic means, and the enthusiasm and initiative of the third party in pollution control are fully mobilized. Environmental protection tax, emission permits and other market-oriented means have been launched, and the policy dividend has gradually emerged.
政府投入、居民的宜居環(huán)境需求、社會關(guān)注度越來越大，由于對大氣污染防治、水質(zhì)污染防治設(shè)備及固體廢棄物處理設(shè)備的投資需求巨大，環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展?jié)摿薮蟆－h(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)也完全可以發(fā)展成為支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)，以滿足生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)、污染治理和生態(tài)修復(fù)的需要。據(jù)有關(guān)預(yù)測，“十三五”期間，環(huán)保投資約為7.6萬億元(2018年投資規(guī)模為1.6萬億-1.8萬億元)，約為“十二五”的兩倍。據(jù)前瞻產(chǎn)業(yè)研究院《環(huán)保行業(yè)發(fā)展前景與投資分析報(bào)告》的預(yù)計(jì)，到2018年節(jié)能環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值將超過7萬億，達(dá)到74799.2億元。
Government investment, residents' livable environment demand and social concern are increasing. Due to the huge investment demand for air pollution prevention and control, water pollution prevention and control equipment and solid waste treatment equipment, the development potential of environmental protection industry is huge. Environmental protection industry should and can be developed into a pillar industry to meet the needs of ecological environment protection, pollution control and ecological restoration. According to relevant forecasts, during the 13th Five Year Plan period, the investment in environmental protection will be about 7.6 trillion yuan (the investment scale in 2018 will be 1.6-1.8 trillion yuan), which is about twice as much as that in the 12th Five Year Plan period. According to the forecast of "environmental protection industry development prospect and investment analysis report" of forward looking Industry Research Institute, the output value of energy conservation and environmental protection industry will exceed 7 trillion yuan by 2018, reaching 7479.92 billion yuan.
所有這些，特別是隨著環(huán)保督察常態(tài)化、監(jiān)管頻率和力度的增強(qiáng)，大氣、水、固廢等領(lǐng)域治理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的提升，環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展迎來了難得的有利環(huán)境。
All these, especially with the normalization of environmental supervision, the enhancement of supervision frequency and intensity, and the improvement of governance standards in the fields of air, water and solid waste, the development of environmental protection industry has ushered in a rare favorable environment.
大氣治理行業(yè)。十九大報(bào)告要求打好“藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)”；地方各級政府對大氣污染、特別是對霧霾治理的高度重視，將帶動大氣污染治理市場的形成和發(fā)展。隨著電力領(lǐng)域超低排放改造的完成，污染治理的主戰(zhàn)場將轉(zhuǎn)向非電領(lǐng)域。能源清潔利用將得到重視，特別是供暖季節(jié)的大氣污染治理被提到議事日程，將帶動相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展。
Air treatment industry. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China calls for a "blue sky defense war"; local governments at all levels attach great importance to air pollution, especially haze control, which will drive the formation and development of air pollution control market. With the completion of ultra-low emission transformation in the electric power field, the main battlefield of pollution control will turn to non electric field. Clean use of energy will be paid attention to, especially the air pollution control in heating season is put on the agenda, which will drive the rapid development of related industries.
水治理行業(yè)。根據(jù)“水十條”要求，重點(diǎn)城市建成區(qū)要于2017年底前基本消除黑臭水體，任務(wù)十分艱巨；水污染治理投資需求巨大。根據(jù)有關(guān)測算，完成“水十條”的全社會投資額需達(dá)到4.6萬億元。此外，PPP模式下的污水處理廠提標(biāo)改造以及農(nóng)村環(huán)境的面源污染整治，將持續(xù)拉動水處理需求。隨著水污染治理設(shè)施的大規(guī)模建設(shè)的完成，水治理設(shè)施的運(yùn)維將環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展重點(diǎn)。
Water treatment industry. According to the requirements of the "ten water regulations", it is very difficult to basically eliminate black and odorous water bodies in the built-up areas of key cities by the end of 2017; there is a huge demand for investment in water pollution control. According to relevant estimates, the total social investment needed to complete the "ten water measures" should reach 4.6 trillion yuan. In addition, the upgrading and reconstruction of sewage treatment plants under PPP mode and the treatment of non-point source pollution in rural environment will continue to stimulate the demand for water treatment. With the completion of large-scale construction of water pollution treatment facilities, the operation and maintenance of water treatment facilities will be the development focus of environmental protection industry.
土壤修復(fù)行業(yè)。隨著《土壤污染防治法》的制定出臺，有望為土壤污染治理和修復(fù)產(chǎn)業(yè)提供更加健康和可持續(xù)的商業(yè)模式。在財(cái)政部公布2017年財(cái)政預(yù)算中，土壤專項(xiàng)預(yù)算為112億元。“十三五”期間，土壤修復(fù)產(chǎn)業(yè)有望獲得實(shí)質(zhì)性推動，帶動5萬億以上的投資；相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)和企業(yè)將得到迅速發(fā)展壯大。
Soil remediation industry. With the formulation and promulgation of the soil pollution prevention and control law, it is expected to provide a more healthy and sustainable business model for the soil pollution control and remediation industry. In the 2017 budget released by the Ministry of finance, the special budget for soil is 11.2 billion yuan. During the 13th Five Year Plan period, the soil remediation industry is expected to get substantial promotion, driving more than 5 trillion investment, and related industries and enterprises will develop rapidly.
固廢處理行業(yè)。隨著環(huán)境保護(hù)政策法規(guī)，特別是循環(huán)發(fā)展引領(lǐng)計(jì)劃的出臺實(shí)施，再生資源行業(yè)下游產(chǎn)品價格將有所好轉(zhuǎn)，垃圾處理行業(yè)在PPP模式帶動下將逐步放量，危廢處理景氣度高企，生活垃圾、餐廚垃圾、電子廢棄物等的資源化利用和無害化處理產(chǎn)業(yè)將得到迅速發(fā)展，“兩網(wǎng)”融合成為行業(yè)發(fā)展的熱點(diǎn)，固廢處理行業(yè)的業(yè)績也會得到改善。
Solid waste treatment industry. With the introduction and implementation of environmental protection policies and regulations, especially the circular development leading plan, the prices of downstream products in renewable resources industry will be improved. Driven by PPP mode, the waste treatment industry will gradually increase in volume. The prosperity of hazardous waste treatment is high. The resource utilization and harmless treatment industry of domestic waste, kitchen waste and electronic waste will develop rapidly ”Integration has become a hot spot in the development of the industry, and the performance of the solid waste treatment industry will also be improved.
環(huán)境監(jiān)測行業(yè)。污染源監(jiān)測、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)監(jiān)
Environmental monitoring industry. Pollution source monitoring and ecosystem monitoring