化燃燒是典型的氣-固相催化反應(yīng)，其實(shí)質(zhì)是活性氧參與的深度氧化作用。在催化燃燒過程中，催化劑的作用是降低活化能，同時(shí)催化劑表---有吸附作用，使反應(yīng)物分子富集于表面提高了反應(yīng)速率，加快了反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行。借助催化劑可使有機(jī)廢氣在較低的起燃溫度條件下，發(fā)生無焰燃燒，并氧化分解為co2和h2o，同時(shí)放出大量熱能。在空速較高，溫度較低的條件下，有機(jī)廢氣的燃燒反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化率接近100%，表明該催化劑的活性較高。
Chemical combustion is a typical gas-solid catalytic reaction, the essence of which is the deep oxidation of active oxygen. In the process of catalytic combustion, the role of catalyst is to reduce the activation energy, at the same time, there is adsorption on the surface of catalyst, which makes the reactant molecules enrich on the surface, improves the reaction rate and speeds up the reaction. With the help of catalyst, the organic waste gas can be burned without flame at a lower ignition temperature, and then oxidized and decomposed into CO 2 and H 2O, and a large amount of heat energy can be released at the same time. Under the conditions of high space velocity and low temperature, the conversion of organic waste gas combustion is close to 100%, which indicates that the catalyst has high activity.
催化劑的活性分誘導(dǎo)活化、穩(wěn)定、衰老失活3個(gè)階段，有一定的使用限期，工業(yè)上實(shí)用催化劑的壽命一般在2年以上。使用期的長短與---活性結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性有關(guān)，而穩(wěn)定性取決于耐熱、抗毒的能力。對(duì)催化燃燒所用催化劑則要求具有較高的耐熱和抗毒的性能。有機(jī)廢氣的催化燃燒一般不會(huì)在很嚴(yán)格的操作條件下進(jìn)行，這是由于廢氣的濃度、流量、成分等往往不穩(wěn)定，因此要求催化劑具有較寬的操作條件適應(yīng)性。催化燃燒工藝的操作空速較大，氣流對(duì)催化劑的沖擊力較強(qiáng)，同時(shí)由于床層溫度會(huì)升降，造成熱脹冷縮，易使催化劑載體破裂，因而催化劑要具有較大的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度和良好的抗熱脹冷縮性能。
The activity of the catalyst can be divided into three stages: induced activation, stabilization, aging and deactivation. It has a certain service life. The service life of the industrial catalyst is generally more than 2 years. The length of service life is related to the stability of the active structure, and the stability depends on the ability of heat and toxin resistance. The catalyst used in catalytic combustion is required to have high heat resistance and anti-toxic performance. The catalytic combustion of organic waste gas is generally not carried out under very strict operating conditions, because the concentration, flow rate and composition of waste gas are often unstable, so the catalyst is required to have a wide range of operating conditions. The operating space velocity of catalytic combustion process is large, and the impact of gas flow on catalyst is strong. At the same time, the bed temperature will rise and fall, which will cause thermal expansion and cold contraction, and easily cause the catalyst carrier to rupture. Therefore, the catalyst should have greater mechanical strength and good anti thermal expansion and cold contraction performance.

有機(jī)廢氣是石油化工、輕工、塑料、印刷、涂料等行業(yè)排放的常見污染物，有機(jī)廢氣中常含有烴類化合物(芳烴、烷烴、烯烴)、含氧有機(jī)化合物(醇、酮、有機(jī)酸等)、含氮、硫、鹵素及含磷有機(jī)化合物等。如對(duì)這些廢氣不加處理，直接排入大氣將會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成---污染，危害人體健康。傳統(tǒng)的有機(jī)廢氣凈化方法包括吸附法、冷凝法和直接燃燒法等，這些方法常有易產(chǎn)生二次污染、能耗大、易受有機(jī)廢氣濃度和溫度---等缺點(diǎn)。而新興的催化燃燒技術(shù)已由實(shí)驗(yàn)階段走向工程實(shí)踐，并逐漸應(yīng)用于石油化工、農(nóng)藥、印刷、涂料、電線加工等行業(yè)。
Organic waste gas is a common pollutant discharged from petrochemical, light industry, plastics, printing, coating and other industries. Organic waste gas often contains hydrocarbons (aromatics, alkanes, olefins), oxygenated organic compounds (alcohols, ketones, organic acids, etc.), nitrogen, sulfur, halogen and phosphorus containing organic compounds, etc. If these waste gases are not treated and directly discharged into the atmosphere, it will cause pollution to the environment and harm human health. Traditional purification methods of organic waste gas include adsorption method, condensation method and direct combustion method. These methods often have some disadvantages, such as easy to produce secondary pollution, high energy consumption, easy to be affected by the concentration and temperature of organic waste gas. The new catalytic combustion technology has been applied in petrochemical, pesticide, printing, coating, wire processing and other industries.
催化燃燒幾乎可以處理所有的烴類有機(jī)廢氣及惡臭氣體，即它適用于濃度范圍廣、成分復(fù)雜的各種有機(jī)廢氣處理。對(duì)于有機(jī)化工、涂料、絕緣材料等行業(yè)排放的低濃度、多成分，又沒有回收價(jià)值的廢氣，采用吸附-催化燃燒法的處理效果更好。用催化燃燒法處理有機(jī)廢氣的凈化率一般都在95%以上，最終產(chǎn)物為無害的co2和h2o(雜原子有機(jī)化合物還有其他燃燒產(chǎn)物)，因此無二次污染問題。此外，由于溫度低，能大量減少nox的生成。催化燃燒的經(jīng)濟(jì)性 影響催化燃燒法經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的主要因素有：催化劑性能和成本；廢氣處理中的有機(jī)物濃度；熱量回收效率；經(jīng)營管理和操作水平。催化燃燒雖然不能回收有用的產(chǎn)品，但可以回收利用催化燃燒的反應(yīng)熱，節(jié)省能源，降低處理成本，在經(jīng)濟(jì)上是合理可行的。
Catalytic combustion can treat almost all hydrocarbon organic waste gas and odor gas, that is, it is suitable for the treatment of various organic waste gas with wide concentration range and complex composition. For the waste gas with low concentration, multi-component and no recycling value from organic chemical industry, coatings, insulating materials and other industries, the treatment effect of adsorption catalytic combustion method is better. The purification rate of organic waste gas treated by catalytic combustion method is generally more than 95%, and the final products are harmless CO2 and H2O (heteroatom organic compounds and other combustion products), so there is no secondary pollution problem. In addition, due to the low temperature, the formation of NOx can be greatly reduced. The main factors that affect the economic benefits of catalytic combustion are: catalyst performance and cost; concentration of organic matter in waste gas treatment; heat recovery efficiency; management and operation level. Although catalytic combustion can not recover useful products, it can recycle reaction heat of catalytic combustion, save energy and reduce treatment cost, which is reasonable and feasible in economy.
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